What Is Social Stratification, and Why Does It Matter

Social stratification refers to the way people are ranked and ordered in society. In Western countries, this stratification primarily occurs as a result of socioeconomic status in which a hierarchy determines the groups most likely to gain access to financial resources and forms of privilege. Typically, the upper classes have the most access to these resources while the lower classes may get few or none of them, putting them at a distinct disadvantage. Key Takeaways: Social Stratification Sociologists use the term social stratification to refer to social hierarchies. Those higher in social hierarchies have greater access to power and resources.In the United States, social stratification is often based on income and wealth.Sociologists emphasize the importance of taking an intersectional approach to understanding social stratification; that is, an approach that acknowledges the influence of racism, sexism, and heterosexism, among other factors.Access to education—and barriers to education such as systemic racism—are factors that perpetuate inequality.   Wealth Stratification A look at wealth stratification in the U.S. reveals a deeply unequal society in which the top 10% of households control 70% of the nations riches, according to a 2019 study released by the Federal Reserve. In 1989, they represented just 60%, an indication that class divides are growing rather than closing. The Federal Reserve attributes this trend to the richest Americans acquiring more assets; the financial crisis that devastated the housing market also contributed to the wealth gap. Social stratification isnt just based on wealth, however. In some societies, tribal affiliations, age, or caste result in stratification. In groups and organizations, stratification may take the form of a distribution of power and authority down the ranks. Think of the different ways that status is determined in the military, schools, clubs, businesses, and even groupings of friends and peers. Regardless of the form it takes, social stratification can manifest as the ability to make rules, decisions, and establish notions of right and wrong. Additionally, this power can be manifested as the capacity to control the distribution of resources and determine the opportunities, rights, and obligations of others. The Role of Intersectionality Sociologists recognize that a variety of factors, including  social class,  race,  gender, sexuality, nationality, and sometimes religion, influence stratification. As such, they tend to take an intersectional approach to analyzing the phenomenon. This approach recognizes that systems of oppression intersect to shape peoples lives and to sort them into hierarchies. Consequently, sociologists view racism,  sexism, and heterosexism as playing significant and troubling roles in these processes as well. In this vein, sociologists recognize that racism and sexism affect ones accrual of wealth and power in society. The relationship between systems of oppression and social stratification is made clear by U.S. Census data that show a long-term gender wage and wealth gap has plagued women for decades, and though it has narrowed a bit over the years, it still thrives today. An intersectional approach reveals that black and Latina women, who make 61 and 53 cents, respectively, for every dollar earned by a white male, are affected by the gender wage gap more negatively than white women, who earn 77 cents on that dollar, according to a report by the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Education as a Factor Social science studies show that one’s level of education is positively correlated with income and wealth. A survey of young adults in the U.S. found that those with at least a college degree are nearly four times as wealthy as the average young person. They also have 8.3 times as much wealth as those who just completed high school. These findings show that education clearly plays a role in social stratification, but race intersects with academic achievement in the U.S. as well. The Pew Research Center has reported that completion of college is stratified by ethnicity. An estimated 63% of Asian Americans and 41% of whites graduate from college compared to 22% of blacks and 15% of Latinos. This data reveals that systemic racism shapes access to higher education, which, in turn, affects ones income and wealth. According to the Urban Institute, the average Latino family had just 20.9% of the wealth of the average white family in 2016. During the same timeframe, the average black family had a mere 15.2% of the wealth of their white counterparts. Ultimately, wealth, education, and race intersect in ways that create a stratified society.

Marriage Vs. Love Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice

Jake Hammel Ms. Salrin Love and Romance 17 November 2015 Marriage vs. Love Jane Austen, author of Pride and Prejudice, wrote in an era where considerations of social class and economic status were central to the institution of marriage. This notion is demonstrated throughout the novel by exploring character’s ideas and definitions regarding love and marriage. The main character, Elizabeth, defies almost all stereotypes of early 19th century women in England. She, unlike Charlotte and Jane, believes that marriage is based around true love rather than economic status and financial stability. The first chapter in the novel provides the audience with an overall idea on how men and women view love and marriage when Jane Austen writes, â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.† Throughout the book, it is evident that women (and some men) limit themselves on who they should marry based on economic and family background. In Pride and Prejudice, some limits on marriage are accepted while other are rejected. A lot of these standards revolve around a man (or woman s) socioeconomic status and family background. For example, Jane Bennet, sister of the main character Elizabeth Bennet, meets Charles Bingley toward the beginning of the book. Charles Bingley, commonly referred to as Mr. Bingley, is significantly wealthier than Jane. In Book 1 (Chapter 7), Mr. Bingley’s wealth is brought to light as AustenShow MoreRelated Essay on Love vs. Society in Pride and Prejudice943 Words   |  4 PagesLove vs. Society in Pride and Prejudice    Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice explores the English social standards during the early 1800s. It shows the emphasis on marriage, or, namely, whom you marry. This story consists of three marriages. The first is socially based, the second is based on mutual admiration between two people, and the third represents one mans love and fight for a woman. This novel shows how marriage and love can arrest or improve social status and how love overcomes adversityRead MorePower of Real Women vs. Power of Elizabeth Bennet1558 Words   |  7 PagesPower of Real Women vs. Power of Elizabeth Bennet Elizabeth Bennet is a remarkable young woman due to her self confidence, which allows her intelligence to shine through, making her less trapped than the other young women in the novel, Pride and Prejudice. Elizabeth is able to fulfill the traditional expectations of a woman without losing her opinionated nature and strong sense of self. In the 1800s, a woman’s main priority was to find a man to marry, and be his loyal wife. What makes ElizabethRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen933 Words   |  4 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was first published in 1813(Gary vii) a time when women had â€Å"few legal and economic rights or even receiving little respect, women can be seen as oppressed victims of a patriarchal society, subordinate first to their fathers and, then, to their husbands who had, of course, been selected by their fathers† (Swords, 76-82). At first glance one might think that Pride and Prejudice reinforces sexist stereotypes, howeve r upon further examination of Jane Austen and herRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1005 Words   |  5 PagesPride and Prejudice is a novel written by Jane Austen that emphasizes several different themes. One theme that especially stood out was the idea of how love is more important than wealth and status. In the nineteenth century people married for wealth, status, and comfort. Women did not care if they were happy or married the man of their dreams as long as they had someone to support them. They did not marry for love and it was very rare to find a married couple who was really in love. Jane AustenRead MorePride and Prejudice Research Paper2598 Words   |  11 PagesProgressive Work in a Conservative Time Pride and Prejudice, a Jane Austen novel, is one of the most classical pieces of literature in history. It has been evaluated and critiqued a countless number of times, and has been adapted into several films. It can be argued that there is a lot to be retained by readers from this literary work, an important message that can be passed down from generation to generation. During Jane Austen’s time, in the early 1800’s, women were around to be married off, bearRead MoreReview Of Pride And Prejudice 2587 Words   |  11 Pages12 May 2016 Pride and Prejudice Book File Title: Pride and Prejudice Author: Jane Austen Publication information: Year: 1813 Publisher: Signet Classics Location. New York, New York Biographical information about the author: State at least ten facts you have found either from the book or through internet research. Jane Austen was born in Hampshire, England to George and Cassandra Austen, on December 16, 1786. Her parents had been married for many years and they had 6 kids before Jane was born. InRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1785 Words   |  8 PagesPride and Prejudice is a novel which follows the fine, beautiful, and single Bennett daughters and in more particular, Elizabeth Bennett, who copes with trials and tribulations of life, morals, and marriage. Throughout the novel, most of the issues that Elizabeth must deal with have to do with her and her family’s social ranking. Since the novel takes place in a society of the landed gentry of the British regency, social class/status is among the utmost importance of a person during this time. JaneRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1693 Words   |  7 PagesPride and Prejudice by Jane Austen was first published on January 28, 1813, and was later republished in May of 2004 by Barnes and Noble. The story follows five young women and their family as they discover what it is to love and to lose love. The Bennets discover how the real world around them views propriety and proper etiquette when it comes to marriages. This tale specifically focuses on one of the eldest daughters, Elizabeth Bennet, as she discovers the true meaning of love from an unexpectedRead MoreCause and Impact Analysis on the Main Character’s Suffering in Elizabeth Gilbert’s Novel Eat, Pray, Love7348 Words   |  30 Pagesfrom love, sacrifice, humanity and sorrow. We were able to appreciate human life and do out our problem concern with psychological, social, and others. The contribution of appreciation novel was the readers have to analyze for gaining the messages. Analyzed of main character would give us insight of human life about pressure conflict that impact of psychological of main character â€Å"Eat Pray Love†. It was very different from other novels I met before. In this novel â€Å"Eat Pray Love†, an

Windows Mobile Based Devices and Security †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Windows Mobile Based Devices and Security. Answer: Introduction: Wireless Network came as a result of development of mobile IP address whose co-purpose was to break the barrier associated with the static IP that was then being used. A robust Adhoc network was require to solve the problem associated with continues reconfiguring of the IP address whenever a network node was in motion. Availability of mobile devices such as the laptops, cellular phones, smartphones and tablets brought about mobility, as such, there was urge to keep those devices connected to the network so as to facilitate easy and efficient communication among the mobile nodes. The rise of mobile Network brought with it wireless network that uses radio waves from the satellite to broadcast network wirelessly to these devices. Since these devices are not physically connected to the network, crimes that was never heard of came into existence. Anyone with malicious intentions could thus listens to the packets of the node and isolate the target node so as to listen to the communicating nodes with an intention to use that information for personal gain (Karygiannis and Owens 2010) . This kind of attack could lead to Identity theft through unauthorized access to someones personal information and later use that information to extort that person. Also it could lead to injection of malicious SQL code into a website with the purpose of gain access into an organizations database which can be fatal. As a result, measures are put in place to ensure that these kind of attacks will never have to occur if one adheres to the set rules and regulation. References Karygiannis, T., Owens, L. (2002). Wireless network security.NIST special publication,800, 48. Access through https://all.net/books/standards/NIST-CSRC/csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-48/NIST_SP_800-48.pdf Dedo, D. (2004). Windows mobile-based devices and security: Protecting sensitive business information.Microsoft Corporation Apr.retrieve from https://download.microsoft.com/documents/australia/security/summit/WhitePapers/Windows_Mobile-based_Devices_and_Security.doc

Train Ride free essay sample

Thursday night on the metro rail. Exhausted like always exiting work, but hey, life goes on. As I step into the south bound train to settle down and enjoy the ride, I see my victims for my assignment. About Ft. Tall, built, a skull tattoo on his right arm, bald, and with a pair of nice Nines, lets call him Tommy, since I didnt catch the name. Tommy was somewhat arguing with what seemed to be his girlfriend. His girlfriends name was Tania, and I promise my pockets would be bulging if I received a dollar for every time he said It.Tania, with her long curly jet black hair, nice body, must have messed up somewhere because Tommy wasnt having It. The look on his face was Like one of a murderer, ready to strike and not care. From my understandings, remember I was a distance so It was hard to catch on to them; Tania went out with a few friends the night before. We will write a custom essay sample on Train Ride or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tommy was not aware of that since he did not receive a call from her. Of course she claimed she did, but Tommy never received the call. She kept trying to get near him and keep things cool, UT Tommy had no feeling to work with her. He would touch Is arm, attempt to lean on him, a tiny hug, anything to try and make it somewhat better. She knew she did something wrong from picking up on her actions. With all that, eye contact was very minimal from Tommy, more than half the time he was looking outside the window at the Miami nightlife. Every now and then, his arms would go up like he was conducting a plane for landing. I shouldnt say it, but it was quit amusing in a sense that I used to deal with the same situations back in the days.I work a good distance from my house, and they were on it all the way passed my stop. It takes me 30 minutes from work to get to my house, and they were silent for a total of about seven minutes, and thats being nice. Some other people I noticed were looking at them, because they seemed to be in their own world and no one was in it. My stop came, and I evacuated while they were still going at it. The last word I heard, and yes I did write it down, was movies. Im sure little lady Tania went with another little man to he movies, that was not Tommy. I wish I had the conclusion to this fiasco, maybe a little novella love story ending, with white doves flying around in the train. Or maybe Tommy pulling out flowers from out of nowhere, or even a little kiss would have shown that the war was over. It would be nice if they worked things out, because Tommy seemed as if he was having the worst day he could ever deal with. This assignment I found to be useful in the sense that you pick up on others gestures and actions.You do not have to know what Is going to or the whole situation to pick up on whats happening. I enjoyed it. Train Ride By memorandum bulging if I received a dollar for every time he said it. Tania, with her long curly Jet having it. The look on his face was like one of a murderer, ready to strike and not care. From my understandings, remember I was a distance so it was hard to catch on but Tommy had no feeling to work with her. She would touch is arm, attempt to lean actions.